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QUESTION
There are 3 bullet questions, so 1 paragraph each. The video links are on the bottom of the page and all the reading attachments are on your website instructions.
There are 3 bullet questions, so 1 paragraph each. The video links are on the bottom of the page and all the reading attachments are on your website instructions.
1-Social construction and gender: Respond to one of the following clusters of questions after viewing Brown’s video and reading Mascia-Lees and Black’s chapter.
What did you learn from Mascia-Lees and Black about how anthropological approaches to gender have changed through time? What does anthropology add to general understandings of men and women?
Explain social constructionism in your own words and compare your explanation to Brown’s video. What was missing from Brown’s explanation? What was missing from yours?
2-Initiation and ritual: As you read Burton’s chapter on coming of age rituals, what did you find familiar? What was the most intriguing, surprising, or upsetting?
3-Physical sex: Respond to one of the following sets of questions after reading Martin’s article and watching Pagonis’s YouTube video.
“Hermaphrodite” is an outdated, inaccurate, and offensive term for people with intersex conditions, but you’re more likely to have heard it than the term intersex. What was your impression about “hermaphrodites” or intersex people? How did Pagonis’s video affect or challenge your assumptions?
Martin points out the subtle ways in which gender stereotypes influence and are reproduced in seemingly neutral contexts. Where else have you observed the subtle influence of gender stereotypes?
How do Western medical descriptions of male and female physiology compare with beliefs common among the Sambia and Wogeo (as described by Burton)?
https://www.khanacademy.org/
ANSWER
Roles and Rituals
“Hermaphrodites” or Intersex People
My impression on hermaphrodites was quite negative, viewing people who did not identify as either male or female as being abnormal. I had the belief that gender had to be male or female, a black and white affair, with no in-between. People born having both male and female characteristics were, therefore, abnormal to me, as there was no in-between (Alturi, n.d.). I would have agreed to my child getting surgery to correct their genitalia if they were born a hermaphrodite. Pagonis’s video really challenged my assumptions and belief about gender (Pidgeon, 2016). I realized that hermaphrodites, or intersex people as they should be referred to (Entenmann, n.d.), are human beings like any other who just happen to be born with male and female genitalia (Alturi, n.d.). It would be unfair to treat them as strange people since they were born that way (Entenmann, n.d.).
References
Alturi. (n.d.). Transgender and Intersex Issues. Retrieved June 16, 2019, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160420063740/http://www.alturi.org/issues_transgender_and_intersex_issues
Entenmann, L. (n.d.). Introduction to Intersex Rights. Retrieved June 16, 2019, from https://www.alturi.org/intersex_introduction
Pidgeon. (2016, November 21). Hi, I’m Intersex – Part 3 (Clitorectomy). Retrieved June 14, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUmmPftumnU&feature=youtu.be
Gender Stereotypes
Gender stereotypes influence how society views people of different gender and the roles that are assigned to them by the people around them and at work (Martin, 1991). In many organizations, it is common to observe that the top management is made up of mostly men. While this is mostly as a result of gender-based discrimination in the workplace, such discrimination is often a manifestation of gender stereotypes, such as “women cannot lead” or “women belong at home in the kitchen”. In families, it is common for women to be treated as inferior to their husbands, which is as a result of the various gender stereotypes that have been developed over the years (Butler, 1997; Mascia-Lees & Black, 2016).
References
Butler, J. (1997). Excerpt from” Introduction” to” Bodies that matter”.
Martin, E. (1991). The egg and the sperm: How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 16(3), 485-501.
Mascia-Lees, F. E., & Black, N. J. (2016). Gender and anthropology. Waveland Press.
Medical Descriptions of Male and Female Physiology
Among the Samba, adult masculinity is not a natural, biological fact, but a cultural achievement (Burton, 2001). Young boys are taught how to be men through various initiation acts and processes. For the girls, however, adult femininity and sexuality is achieved naturally. Among the Wogeo, women are perceived as being superior physical beings as compared to men (Burton, 2001). While girls mature naturally to become women, boys have to be trained and cultivated in men. Science has been associated with the definition of romance, thus affecting male and female roles (Martin, 1991). These beliefs are different from the Western medical descriptions that perceive adult masculinity and femininity as natural processes that do not require any form of cultivation or training.
References
Burton, J. W. (2001). Culture and the human body: An anthropological perspective. Waveland Press Inc.
Martin, E. (1991). The egg and the sperm: How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 16(3), 485-501.
