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QUESTION
In chapter 1, King (2022) discusses the contemporary approaches to psychology. These include the following: biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, and sociocultural (pp. 8-11). The above video discusses these 7 approaches and gives you an idea about how each of the perspectives might look at a person with a fear of public speaking.
For Your Initial Post on Part 1
1. Using the textbook information and the information on the video, select 2 of the 7 perspectives. Compare and contrast these two perspectives. How are they similar and how are they different?
2. Read the following scenario about John. Consider the 2 psychological perspectives you chose above. How might a psychologist in each of these perspectives approach John’s situation? What might they think could be causing the situation? How might they try to resolve the situation?
3, John is a 15 year old male. He lives with his mother who works multiple jobs to make ends meet. They reside in a rough lower socioeconomic neighborhood. He has not seen his biological father in 10 years. John spends a great deal of time with no adult supervision or influence and has started drinking alcohol. John had a history of being abused as a young child. John comes from an ethnic background that celebrates the importance of toughness in males. He gets acceptance from his peers who praise him for his toughness. Because he has had no real positive influences in his life, he often thinks very negatively about himself. He has been accused of bullying other kids in school and has been suspended on a number of occasions. He now faces the possibility of being expelled from school. His mother talks to the school psychologist about helping him look for more positive ways to express his strengths and masculinity.
Part 2
Press the play button below and listen to the audio podcast (You do not have to listen to all 43 mins). By all means, also research more information about the For Your Initial Post on Part 2
1. Briefly explain how learning about this infamous research plays a role in the importance of ethical psychology research with human participants.
2. What is the main ethical violation that occurred in the Tuskegee Study? Are there any other ethical violations you believe occurred?
Tuskegee Study in addition to listening to this podcast.
ANSWER
Approaches to Psychology
The two perspectives, sociocultural psychology, and behavioral psychology are the ones I have opted to focus on in this assignment. The study of how people interpret, perceive, and react to the culture and environment in which they find themselves is known as sociocultural psychology. The second branch of psychology I will look into is Behavioral Psychology. Behavioral psychology analyzes people based on their behaviors, which include their thoughts, feelings, and actions (Merlo & Vela, 2021). Consequently, one could wonder how these two points of view are similar yet different. First, it is necessary to look into how these perspectives are comparable. Both approaches have a single aspect in common: a focus on behaviors. Whether it be their deeds, their ideas, or their emotions, both of these factors have a significant impact on how other people see them. The two perspectives believe in the role of behavior in a person’s life. Despite the similarity, the two are also different from one another. In this case, the critical distinction between the two is that sociocultural psychology focuses primarily on how an individual’s actions are influenced by their environment and the society in which they are embedded. On the other hand, Behavioral Psychology is concerned with activities in any context, not simply those about community.
Regarding the sociocultural aspect, the psychologist might demonstrate to John that they understand his daily difficulties (Glaveanu, 2020). For example, his life is not easy; John has not seen his father in ten years, and he lives with his mother, who works all the time to provide for and support the family. However, the psychologist has to make it abundantly apparent to John that his circumstance is not a valid reason for bullying other people. The psychologist should also explain to him that his classmates are in the wrong for praising him for his toughness just because they do so. Since John is looking for validation from those around him, he believes getting into fights and praise for it is okay. John needs to surround himself with supportive people right now, given all that he is going through. He needs to find a place he can be a good boy and e encouraged to participate in positive and building activities.
In John’s behavior, the psychologist needs to demonstrate the importance of adopting a more optimistic perspective of himself. They might also recommend to John and his mother that John needs a good role model in his life since it has been ten years since John’s father was in his life. His behavior may be because John has been without a father figure. He has also been through a lot, and as if having grown up without a father and a busy working mother was not enough, he experienced abuse as a child. Both the psychologists are probably aware that John has not seen his father in the last ten years and that he is associating with the incorrect group of people, contributing to his lousy decision-making (Smith, 2022). The psychologists can propose to John’s mother that he join encouraging organizations that will assist him in being around better influences and people who will elevate him so that he may make better decisions in the future. It may also be helpful if John gets a job to keep him busy and distracted from participating in destructive behaviors like drinking.
References
Glăveanu, V. P. (2020). A sociocultural theory of creativity: Bridging the social, the material, and the psychological. Review of General psychology, 24(4), 335-354. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1089268020961763
Merlo, G., & Vela, A. (2021). Applying psychiatry and psychology principles to lifestyle approaches for mental and behavioral health. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15598276211023415. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15598276211023415
Smith, N. (2022). The Parent Effect. How Parenting Style Affects Adolescent Behavior and Personality Development. Joanne E. Carlson. https://academic.oup.com/sw/article-abstract/67/3/302/6582367
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